In-Situ Gas Analyzer TDLS200 (INTERRUMPIDO)

Cracking is used to break down the long chains of hydrocarbons that crude oil is comprised of into smaller hydrocarbon chains. Cracking was originally done thermally, and continued until 1933, when the Houdry process for catalytic cracking was developed. The Houdry units were preferentially adopted in following years due to producing a much higher portion of higher octane gasoline during cracking. The process was improved once again and became known as Thermofor Catalytic Cracking (TCC) and involved the use of a moving catalyst bed. The first commercial TCC unit was developed in 1943 in Beaumont, Texas and it is speculated that TCC and Houdry units played a large part in the allied victory of World War II. Around the same time, MIT professors Lewis and Gilliland developed a Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) which involves passing just enough air though the catalyst that it floats, allowing it to function as a fluid. FCCUs have since become the dominantly produced cracking unit. FCCUs used in conjunction with catalyst zeolite Type Y have increased the yield (~45% of total yield from the feed) and octane rating of gasoline far above of what would be achievable with thermal cracking. As of 2011, catalytic cracking produced over 8,700,000 barrels of motor gasoline per day in the US alone.

Cracking is used to break down the long chains of hydrocarbons that crude oil is comprised of into smaller hydrocarbon chains. Cracking was originally done thermally, and continued until 1933, when the Houdry process for catalytic cracking was developed. The Houdry units were preferentially adopted in following years due to producing a much higher portion of higher octane gasoline during cracking. The process was improved once again and became known as Thermofor Catalytic Cracking (TCC) and involved the use of a moving catalyst bed. The first commercial TCC unit was developed in 1943 in Beaumont, Texas and it is speculated that TCC and Houdry units played a large part in the allied victory of World War II. Around the same time, MIT professors Lewis and Gilliland developed a Fluidized Catalytic Cracking Unit (FCCU) which involves passing just enough air though the catalyst that it floats, allowing it to function as a fluid. FCCUs have since become the dominantly produced cracking unit. FCCUs used in conjunction with catalyst zeolite Type Y have increased the yield (~45% of total yield from the feed) and octane rating of gasoline far above of what would be achievable with thermal cracking. As of 2011, catalytic cracking produced over 8,700,000 barrels of motor gasoline per day in the US alone.

An accurate measurement of the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in the boiler flue gas can be used to achieve the goals of combustion efficiency, pollutant emissions reduction, and safe operation. By measuring the concentration of CO, power plants are able fine tune the air to fuel ratio used on the burners to obtain the highest combustion efficiency. 

Electrolysis plants create hydrogen and chlorine from a brine solution. Chlorine gas generated from the anolyte of the electrolysis tank generally contains between 0.5 to 2.0 vol% H₂O. The sample is then cooled and filtered to remove brine, subsequently coming out as wet chlorine gas. The wet gas is sent to a drying tower where it is treated with sulfuric acid to get moisture down to the ppm level. 

In this eBook we explain how to improve fired heaters safety & efficiency by controlling combustion using TDLS technology. Download it now and learn:

• The 4 top industry challenges related to fired heaters
• How to efficiently and safely manage combustion
• How TDLS technology can improve operational excellence in fired heaters

In recent years, shale gas extraction technology has made rapid progress, inducing a shale gas revolution mainly in the USA. Thus, the need for analysis of hydrocarbon gases, including natural gas, is expected to grow rapidly. Traditionally gas chromatography has been used for the analysis of hydrocarbon gases; it can accurately measure the concentration of each hydrocarbon component in a sample of natural gas.

Combustion furnaces such as heating furnaces and boilers in plants include various sizes and types, and serve as energy sources, that is, they are cores in all production activities. Because a large amount of fuel such as gas or fuel oil is consumed in plants, their combustion efficiency directly affects the performance and running cost of the plants. 

A laser gas analyzer employing the tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) method has a feature capable of measuring the concentration of the sample gas with high selectivity for gas components and without contact only by irradiating the gas sample with light from a tunable diode laser. Thus fast and accurate in-situ measurements can be performed in process lines under various measurement conditions.

Tunable diode laser analyzers optimize combustion through direct measurement of O₂, CO and methane.